Tomb Effigy Of Jaquelin DeFerriere Essays - Architectural Styles

Tomb Effigy of Jaquelin deFerriere The Tomb Effigy of Jaquelin deFerriere (Limestone, North French, late 13th century) is unusual in style for the time and place in which it was created. In the 13th century, Gothic art in France consisted of more three dimensional sculpture and more of a variety in the poses of the figures than in the Romanesque period which preceded it. The Tomb Effigy of Jaquelin deFerriere falls into the transition period between the Romanesque (11th- 12th century) and Gothic time-frames (12th- 15th century), which may contribute to its flat, simple, linear appearance. Its appearance is not exactly Romanesque or Gothic, though it contains features from each period. The Tomb Effigy has the Romanesque features of being flat and rectangular with much empty space. The stiff pose of the figure is also Romanesque in style. The Tomb Effigy also has some Gothic features, such as the strong outline, which makes up each section of the image. This feature is reminiscent of French stained glass from around the same time period. The large, plain rectangular shape of the Tomb Effigy is like the boxy and geometric appearance of architecture from the Romanesque period. Buildings from the Romanesque period were generally plainer than in the Gothic period, with little decoration. They seemed to be sectioned in large rectangular shapes and had a boxy appearance. Saint Etienne, a church built in the Romanesque period in France, shows this geometric rectangular style (fig.2). The style is flat and does not feature many sculptural adornments, if any at all. As in the Tomb Effigy, the blank rectangle is interrupted only by the figure carving of Jaquelin deFerriere. This plain adornment carved into a large rectangle of Limestone is like the style displayed in the facades of Romanesque

Dumping essays

Dumping essays The World Trade Organization Agreement on dumping defines it broadly as a company exporting a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its home market for a like product. When goods are imported at a price below the domestic producers price, cries of unfair competition and dumping are often heard. Pressure is exerted among the countries government to do something to protect their market against the imported products. The government may impose duties to the imported product under three WTO agreements. The Anti-dumping Agreement and The Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures take action against those importers who are importing at unfair import prices. The third agreement, The Safeguard Agreement, takes action when the import price is fair but the imports are seriously damaging domestic production. Domestic companies can request safeguard action if the market share of imports would otherwise substantially increase. This usually involves the obli gation of quantitative restrictions on imports, though these cannot be targeted at a specific country. Anti-dumping provisions, on the other hand, allow nations to retaliate against specific trading partners who are exporting goods at prices lower than those that thrive in their domestic markets. This retaliation generally involves charging a compensatory duty to bring the price of a specific good from a specific country back to a "normal" price. Finally, countervailing tariffs are measures designed to reduce the effect of foreign subsidy programs. All are intended to be short-term actions that resolve the issues quickly. However as seen in many dumping cases worldwide that is often not the case. When a country believes that goods are being dumped into their country, the first step they can take is to file a formal complaint against the importer. The domestic government, based on detailed requirem ...